Modelling decision making in the management of national parks

Trabajo presentado al 14th International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process celebrado en Washington (US) del 29 de junio al 2 de julio de 2014.A procedure for determining the influential factors in NP management and supporting participatory decision making is proposed. The procedure was applied to the Waraira Repano national park (WRNP) in Venezuela. Key aspects found for the effective management of WRNP showed to be Driving forces like "Human population growth" or "Patterns of use of natural resources"; Pressures like "Forest fires" and "Illegal human settlements"; States like "Biodiversity composition and abundance" and "Ecosystem and landscape integrity"; Impacts like "Natural resources depletion" or "Altered connectivity"; and Responses like "Stakeholders" participation" or "Environmental surveillance". Finally, key indicators have been proposed to monitor the evolution of these influential factors. Also, the findings confirm that stakeholders hold different interests, approaches to sustainability and sensitivities. After ANP all stakeholders understand better their interests and the others". Thus, an improved participation is obtained and a consensus, or at least general agreements, is more likely. Also a better commitment to the overall objective is achieved as the decision model facilitates improving the alternatives design in order to lessen the possible burdens for specific stakeholders or the environment.The research presented in this paper has been co-funded by the the Universitat Politècnica de València and the Decanato de Investigación y Desarrollo Académico of Universidad Metropolitana in Venezuela.Peer Reviewe

Anticipating Environmental Burdens in Research and Innovation Projects. Application to the Case of Active and Healthy Ageing

[EN] In this paper; for research and innovation projects without environmental goals; a procedure is proposed to operationalize the anticipation and reflexivity of environmental concerns in the initial phases. By using the expert knowledge of specialists; we have first conducted a study to identify the general environmental topics relevant in any kind of research and innovation project not addressing the environment. In a second phase; a strategy is proposed to rank order the topics in terms of environmental relevance by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. To illustrate it; the case of Information and Communication Technologies for Active and Healthy Ageing is used because of its increasing importance; and because normal environmental targets are not considered. Results show that; in this case; the most relevant topic to be considered is the primary energy consumption by sources; followed by hazardous solid waste and consumption of non-renewable and scarce materials. According to the experts; these should be the main issues to be considered regarding the environmental sustainability of the outputs of such research and innovation projects. In conclusion; this paper contributes to a better understanding of how to promote a wider integration of environmental sustainability in research and innovation when environmental goals are not initially included.This work was funded by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion under grants [CSO2016-76828-R and BES-2017-081141]; and the Generalitat Valenciana under grant [AICO/2018/270].Monsonís-Payá, I.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; García-Melón, M. (2020). Anticipating Environmental Burdens in Research and Innovation Projects. Application to the Case of Active and Healthy Ageing. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 17(10):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103600S1211710Steffen, W., Grinevald, J., Crutzen, P., & McNeill, J. (2011). The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1938), 842-867. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0327Lewis, S. L., & Maslin, M. A. (2015). Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 519(7542), 171-180. doi:10.1038/nature14258Geels, F. W. (2011). The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1(1), 24-40. doi:10.1016/j.eist.2011.02.002Wender, B. A., Foley, R. W., Hottle, T. A., Sadowski, J., Prado-Lopez, V., Eisenberg, D. A., … Seager, T. P. (2014). Anticipatory life-cycle assessment for responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 1(2), 200-207. doi:10.1080/23299460.2014.920121Funtowicz, S. O., & Ravetz, J. R. (1993). Science for the post-normal age. Futures, 25(7), 739-755. doi:10.1016/0016-3287(93)90022-lStilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.05.008Mejlgaard, N. (2017). Science’s disparate responsibilities: Patterns across European countries. Public Understanding of Science, 27(3), 262-275. doi:10.1177/0963662517724645RRI Tools RRI Tools: Towards RRI in actionwww.Rri-Tools.EuNordmann, A. (2013). (Im)Plausibility². International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 9(2/3/4), 125. doi:10.1504/ijfip.2013.058612Ligardo-Herrera, I., Gómez-Navarro, T., Inigo, E., & Blok, V. (2018). Addressing Climate Change in Responsible Research and Innovation: Recommendations for Its Operationalization. Sustainability, 10(6), 2012. doi:10.3390/su10062012Delvenne, P. (2017). Responsible research and innovation as a travesty of technology assessment? Journal of Responsible Innovation, 4(2), 278-288. doi:10.1080/23299460.2017.1328653Stemerding, D., Betten, W., Rerimassie, V., Robaey, Z., & Kupper, F. (2019). Future making and responsible governance of innovation in synthetic biology. Futures, 109, 213-226. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2018.11.005Bossink, B. (2018). The influence of knowledge flow on sustainable innovation in a project-based industry: From demonstration to limited adoption of eco-innovations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 193, 249-262. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.063De Medeiros, J. F., Ribeiro, J. L. D., & Cortimiglia, M. N. (2014). Success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation: a systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 76-86. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.035Hemphill, T. A. (2016). Responsible innovation in industry: a cautionary note on corporate social responsibility. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 3(1), 81-87. doi:10.1080/23299460.2016.1178896Halme, M., & Korpela, M. (2013). Responsible Innovation Toward Sustainable Development in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: a Resource Perspective. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(8), 547-566. doi:10.1002/bse.1801Silva, A. W. L. da, Selig, P. M., Lerípio, A. de Á., & Viegas, C. V. (2014). Strategic environmental assessment: one concept, multiple definitions. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 8(1), 53. doi:10.1504/ijisd.2014.059222Motta, W. H., Issberner, L.-R., & Prado, P. (2018). Life cycle assessment and eco-innovations: What kind of convergence is possible? Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 1103-1114. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.221Villares, M., Işıldar, A., van der Giesen, C., & Guinée, J. (2017). Does ex ante application enhance the usefulness of LCA? A case study on an emerging technology for metal recovery from e-waste. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22(10), 1618-1633. doi:10.1007/s11367-017-1270-6Lobos, V., & Partidario, M. (2014). Theory versus practice in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 48, 34-46. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2014.04.004Rivard, L., Lehoux, P., & Miller, F. A. (2019). Double burden or single duty to care? Health innovators’ perspectives on environmental considerations in health innovation design. BMJ Innovations, 6(1), 4-9. doi:10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000348Chatfield, K., Iatridis, K., Stahl, B., & Paspallis, N. (2017). Innovating Responsibly in ICT for Ageing: Drivers, Obstacles and Implementation. Sustainability, 9(6), 971. doi:10.3390/su9060971Liotta, G., Ussai, S., Illario, M., O’Caoimh, R., Cano, A., Holland, C., … Palombi, L. (2018). Frailty as the Future Core Business of Public Health: Report of the Activities of the A3 Action Group of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2843. doi:10.3390/ijerph15122843Smith, L., Tully, M., Jacob, L., Blackburn, N., Adlakha, D., Caserotti, P., … Koyanagi, A. (2020). The Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Sarcopenia Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1708. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051708Porcelli, A. M., & Martínez, A. N. (2015). La nueva economía del siglo XXI: análisis de los impactos de la informática en el ambiente. Tendencias actuales en tecnologías informáticas verdes, un compromiso con la sustentabilidad. REVISTA QUAESTIO IURIS, 8(4). doi:10.12957/rqi.2015.20953Añón Higón, D., Gholami, R., & Shirazi, F. (2017). ICT and environmental sustainability: A global perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 85-95. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.001Belkhir, L., & Elmeligi, A. (2018). Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177, 448-463. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.239Lubberink, R., Blok, V., van Ophem, J., & Omta, O. (2017). Lessons for Responsible Innovation in the Business Context: A Systematic Literature Review of Responsible, Social and Sustainable Innovation Practices. Sustainability, 9(5), 721. doi:10.3390/su9050721Hambling, T., Weinstein, P., & Slaney, D. (2011). A Review of Frameworks for Developing Environmental Health Indicators for Climate Change and Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(7), 2854-2875. doi:10.3390/ijerph8072854García-Melón, M., Pérez-Gladish, B., Gómez-Navarro, T., & Mendez-Rodriguez, P. (2016). Assessing mutual funds’ corporate social responsibility: a multistakeholder-AHP based methodology. Annals of Operations Research, 244(2), 475-503. doi:10.1007/s10479-016-2132-5Gómez-Navarro, T., García-Melón, M., Guijarro, F., & Preuss, M. (2017). Methodology to assess the market value of companies according to their financial and social responsibility aspects: An AHP approach. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 69(10), 1599-1608. doi:10.1057/s41274-017-0222-7Lee, C.-W., & Li, C. (2019). The Process of Constructing a Health Tourism Destination Index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4579. doi:10.3390/ijerph16224579Zhang, S., Wei, Z., Liu, W., Yao, L., Suo, W., Xing, J., … Wang, J. (2015). Indicators for Environment Health Risk Assessment in the Jiangsu Province of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9), 11012-11024. doi:10.3390/ijerph120911012Kazuva, E., Zhang, J., Tong, Z., Si, A., & Na, L. (2018). The DPSIR Model for Environmental Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8), 1692. doi:10.3390/ijerph15081692Dos Santos, P. H., Neves, S. M., Sant’Anna, D. O., Oliveira, C. H. de, & Carvalho, H. D. (2019). The analytic hierarchy process supporting decision making for sustainable development: An overview of applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 119-138. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.270Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., MD Nor, K., Khalifah, Z., Zakwan, N., & Valipour, A. (2015). Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applications – a review of the literature from 2000 to 2014. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 516-571. doi:10.1080/1331677x.2015.1075139Rametsteiner, E., Pülzl, H., Alkan-Olsson, J., & Frederiksen, P. (2011). Sustainability indicator development—Science or political negotiation? Ecological Indicators, 11(1), 61-70. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.06.009Saaty, T. L. (2004). Fundamentals of the analytic network process — Dependence and feedback in decision-making with a single network. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(2), 129-157. doi:10.1007/s11518-006-0158-yFerwati, M. S., Al Saeed, M., Shafaghat, A., & Keyvanfar, A. (2019). Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS)-Neighborhood Development (ND) Assessment Model: Coupling green urban planning and green building design. Journal of Building Engineering, 22, 171-180. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.006Alizadeh, M., Ngah, I., Hashim, M., Pradhan, B., & Pour, A. (2018). A Hybrid Analytic Network Process and Artificial Neural Network (ANP-ANN) Model for Urban Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment. Remote Sensing, 10(6), 975. doi:10.3390/rs10060975Huang, J.-Y., & Wey, W.-M. (2018). Application of Big Data and Analytic Network Process for the Adaptive Reuse Strategies of School Land. Social Indicators Research, 142(3), 1075-1102. doi:10.1007/s11205-018-1951-yGrošelj, P., Hodges, D. G., & Zadnik Stirn, L. (2016). Participatory and multi-criteria analysis for forest (ecosystem) management: A case study of Pohorje, Slovenia. Forest Policy and Economics, 71, 80-86. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2015.05.006Xia, L., & Cheng, W. (2019). Sustainable development strategy of rural built-up landscapes in Northeast China based on ANP approach. Energy Procedia, 157, 844-850. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.250Grošelj, P., & Zadnik Stirn, L. (2015). The environmental management problem of Pohorje, Slovenia: A new group approach within ANP – SWOT framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 161, 106-112. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.038Monsonís-Payá, I., García-Melón, M., & Lozano, J.-F. (2017). Indicators for Responsible Research and Innovation: A Methodological Proposal for Context-Based Weighting. Sustainability, 9(12), 2168. doi:10.3390/su9122168Res-AGorA Project Res-AGorAhttp://res-agora.eu/news/Pansera, M., & Owen, R. (2018). Innovation for de-growth: A case study of counter-hegemonic practices from Kerala, India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1872-1883. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.19

Methodology to assess the market value of companies according to their financial and social responsibility aspects: an AHP approach

[EN] This paper proposes a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process with Goal Programming for a better valuation of companies. The methodology includes the economic dimension of the company and another based on its social responsibility. A set of relative and absolute economic variables is proposed including concepts like leverage, liquidity or solvency. For the CSR dimension, we present a set of variables extracted from sustainability reports based on the Global Reporting Initiative. This way, the whole methodology relies on publicly available data and can be readily reproduced. We prove the methodology with a complex case study involving the estimation of a German real estate company that wants to foresee its market value. For that, we have analysed four comparable companies plus the target one.Gómez-Navarro, T.; García-Melón, M.; Guijarro, F.; Presuss, M. (2017). Methodology to assess the market value of companies according to their financial and social responsibility aspects: an AHP approach. Journal of the Operational Research Society (Online). 1-12. doi:10.1057/s41274-017-0222-7S11

Citizenship Tests in Five Countries – An Expression of Political Liberalism?

Engaging discussions on civic integration for immigrants, this comparison systematically analysis citizenship tests in the US, Austria, the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands. A central question discussed is whether these tests can be interpreted as assimilation, repressive liberalism or as a neutral instrument that changes its function according to the surrounding citizenship regime as some authors argue. The analysis has the surprising result that none of the hypotheses from the existing literature on civic integration can explain the content of all five citizenship tests. In particular I find that the characteristics of the surrounding citizenship regime are not a good predictor for the content of the respective citizenship tests: countries with rather restrictive citizenship regimes such as Austria or Germany have opted for a citizenship test with a liberal content that is comparable not only to the British but also to the US-American test. On the other hand the content of the Dutch citizenship test does not fully correspond to a Rawlsian definition of political liberalism although the Dutch citizenship regime is relatively open. Therefore I conclude that the formal character of a citizenship regime is only loosely connected with the national definition of citizenship as it is conveyed by the content of citizenship tests. It is not because civic integration requirements are obligatory and restrict the free will of future citizens that citizenship itself is defined in illiberal terms.Als Beitrag zu der Debatte über Integrationsanforderungen für Zuwanderer vergleicht diese Studie systematisch den Inhalt von Einbürgerungstests der USA, Österreichs, des Vereinigten Königreichs, Deutschlands und der Niederlande. Eine zentrale Frage ist, ob die Tests als Assimilation, repressiver Liberalismus oder neutrales Instrument, dessen Funktion erst durch den Charakter des jeweiligen Staatsangehörigkeitsregimes bestimmt wird, verstanden werden können. Überraschenderweise zeigt die Studie, dass keine der in der Literatur vertretenen Hypothesen den Inhalt aller fünf Einbürgerungstests erklären kann. Insbesondere wird deutlich, dass Länder mit einem eher restriktiven Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht wie Österreich und Deutschland Einbürgerungstests mit einem liberalen Inhalt eingeführt haben, der nicht nur dem britischen, sondern auch dem amerikanischen Test ähnelt. Andererseits entspricht der Inhalt des niederländischen Tests nicht vollständig einer Rawlsischen Definition des politischen Liberalismus, obwohl das niederländische Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht relativ offen ist. Deshalb komme ich zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass der formale Charakter eines Staatsangehörigkeitsregimes nur lose mit dem jeweiligen nationalen Verständnis von Bürgerschaft verbunden ist, wie es durch den Inhalt der Einbürgerungstests zum Ausdruck gebracht wird. Der obligatorische Charakter von Integrationsanforderungen, der den freien Willen zukünftiger Bürger einschränkt, besagt nicht, dass Bürgerschaft in illiberalen Termini definiert wird

Eco-efficiency in the SMEs of Venezuela. Current status and future perspectives

[EN] This paper presents a comparison analysis of eco-efficiency in the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) of Venezuela. The research can be divided into three parts: the first part reviews similar studies in the literature on the level of eco-efficiency exhibited by the companies of Venezuela and other countries. In the second place, the findings of a survey conducted on Venezuelan SMEs allowed the definition of 54 eco-efficiency profiles. Thirdly, six national experts in cleaner production and eco-efficiency were interviewed. The interview was based on a questionnaire similar to that used in the survey of the Venezuelan SMEs. At a second meeting, the experts were asked to discuss on the similarities and differences between their answers and those of the company's managers. The findings of the survey allow us to conclude that Venezuelan SMEs understand the legal environmental regulations that affect them but they do not perceive the influence of external driving forces like customers demand for green products or institutional incentives. The adoption of eco-efficiency practices is not perceived as an incentive to improve competitiveness so that the environmental strategies adopted generally aim at reducing costs or avoiding non-compliance sanctions and negative effects on the company image. Materials recycling and reuse, especially packaging materials, are common practices; however, other environmental tools or practices have not been implemented yet, e.g. environmental management systems (EMS), process, product and services design tools based on the product life cycle, renewable energy resources or green marketing. There are also differences among the eight industrial sectors analyzed, food and chemical industries having the higher index of eco-efficiency practices, and plastic and wood industries the lower. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fernández-Viñé, MB.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Capuz-Rizo, SF. (2010). Eco-efficiency in the SMEs of Venezuela. Current status and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18(8):736-746. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.005S73674618

Transition to Climate Neutrality at University Campus. Case Study in Europe, Riga

[EN] 100 cities in Europe have committed to being pioneers and achieving climate neutrality by 2030. It is crucial to start with the decarbonization of cities because, although they cover only 3 % of the Earth's land, they produce 72 % of all greenhouse gas emissions. This paper contributes to the city decarbonization research but on a smaller scale. We study the decarbonization potential of a university campus. It is a unique part of a larger urban area. It represents a cross-section of the population of different socio-economic backgrounds and ages, generating irregular schedules and constant movements of people and goods throughout the day. Riga Technical University is one of the pioneer universities in Latvia that has decided to achieve climate neutrality by 2030. This study aims to provide a qualitative review of the potential for improvements and describe the preliminary CO2 simulation model that includes Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions. A particular challenge is the Scope 3 emissions, which focus on changing user habits. A survey of Riga Technical University students and employees was developed and conducted to analyse the most effective solutions for this type of emission. Survey results and future work recommendations are presented together with the model outline.This research is funded by the European Social Fund within the Project No 8.2.2.0/20/I/008 'Strengthening of PhD students and academic personnel of Riga Technical University and BA School of Business and Finance in the strategic fields of specialization' of the Specific Objective 8.2.2 'To Strengthen Academic Staff of Higher Education Institutions in Strategic Specialization Areas' of the Operational Programme `Growth and Employment'.Bumbiere, K.; Barisa, A.; Pubule, J.; Blumberga, D.; Gómez-Navarro, T. (2022). Transition to Climate Neutrality at University Campus. Case Study in Europe, Riga. Environmental and Climate Technologies. 26(1):941-954. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-007194195426

A combined AHP-Delphi approach to assess the social responsibility degree of equity mutual funds

Trabajo presentado al 14th International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process celebrado en Washington (US) del 29 de junio al 2 de julio de 2014.The aim of this paper is to propose a ranking method for Spanish equity mutual funds based on multiple social responsibility criteria, which could allow individual and institutional investors to make investment decisions based on a set of agreed social responsible values. In order to reach this goal three key questions have been addressed: the identification of the main stakeholders; the definition of an agreed list of socially responsible investment criteria and, the determining of the agreed relative importance given to each criterion in the decision making process. In order to calculate this relative importance of the criteria a participative AHP procedure has been carried out.Peer Reviewe

Assessing the communication quality of CSR reports. A case study on four Spanish food companies

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license.This article belongs to the Section Economic, Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability.Sustainability reports are tools for disseminating information to stakeholders and the public, serving the organizations in the dual purpose of communicating CSR and being accountable. The production of these reports has recently become more prevalent in the food industry, despite the fact this practice has received heavy criticism on two fronts: The quality of the tool for communication, and the extent of accountability. In addition to these criticisms, organizations must overcome the additional challenge of publishing sustainability reports that successfully meet the demands of a multi-stakeholder audience. In light of the importance of this practice, this paper presents a method to assess the communication and accountability characteristics of Spanish food companies' sustainability reports. This method is based on the method Analytic Network Process (ANP) and adopts a multi-stakeholder approach. This research, therefore, provides a reference model for improving sustainability reports, with the aim of successfully meeting their communication objectives and the demands of all stakeholders.This research has been conducted within the research activities of the Master in Corporate Social Responsibility at the Universitat Politècnica de València (http://www.master-rsc.upv.es/).We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Adapting RRI public engagement indicators to the Spanish scientific and innovation context: a participatory methodology based on AHP and content analysis

The paradigm proposed by Responsible Research and Innovation in the European Commission policy discourse identifies Public Engagement as a key area for exchange and dialogue among multiple actors following an inclusive and participatory process. Two definite set of indicators have already arisen at European level to monitor Public Engagement activities in the Science and Innovation realm. Our study aims to propose a deliberative participatory process, which involves selected stakeholders, for the adaptation of the European indicators to the specific Spanish scientific and innovation context. The methodological procedure is of exploratory nature and will be based in a combination of, on the one hand, qualitative content analysis techniques for the in-depth study of the deliberative process and the generation of indicators; and, on the other hand, a multi-criteria decision analysis technique such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process for the prioritization of the indicators. The discussion will focus on the procedure to articulate stakeholders' values and use them as the basis for creating a context-based improved list of indicators. Two types of research questions arise: (i) Is the proposed methodology adequate for the adaptation of the European indicators to the Spanish context? (ii) What are the main indicators to monitor and to expand reflection on the public engagement in the Spanish science and innovation